Voter ID-The social, economic,legal and political aspects of Voter ID Research Paper

Voter ID-The social, economic,legal and political parts of Voter ID laws - Research Paper Example An assessment of the Governor Tom Corbett’s discourse concerning the institution of these laws uncovers that the representative proposed for the order of the laws expressing that he marked the bill since he accepted that the bill was a terrified guideline securing the privileges of the residents. The representative portrayed this as a rule that supported the one individual one vote issue. It is clear that the representative believed that the authorization of the laws put set up straightforward principles that would secure the respectability of the races. Be that as it may, it is clear that a few sources contended that the fundamental explanation with respect to why the Corbett may have marked the bill is on the grounds that he was under the republican driven governing body. This was a similar case in eight different states, which incorporate; Kansas, Alabama, Tennessee, Carolina, Wisconsin and Texas. A portion of the legislators believed that the authorization of the laws woul d have forestalled extortion identified with voter pantomime. In any case, these were followed with responses from different legislators who accepted that voter pantomime extortion was uncommon in many states (Barnes 29). Other political outcomes that went with the institution of voter recognizable proof laws included; the responses from supporters in states, for example, South Carolina who proposed that; the authorization of the new voter distinguishing proof laws came about to the throwing of votes even in the names of dead individuals. In any case, it is obvious that when the states political decision commission completed their examination, no proof of misrepresentation or administrative blunders was gotten. It is accepted that such exhibit may have been driven by political components on the grounds that even examinations from the courts uncovered that no one had been indicted for voter misrepresentation. The other political outcome that followed the authorization of voter distinguishing proof laws included responses from those in the resistance, who accepted that the

Literature Research Paper on Heroic Code

Literature Research Paper on Heroic Code Heroic Code Heroic code represents  a system of rules and principles that, in case they are followed, will ensure meaning to person’s life surrounded by a world, which is ruled by the capricious gods’ violence.  One so as to meet the heroic code requirements has to perform an ennobling deed that possesses such a great challenge and magnitude that very few, indeed, maybe only one person out of a nation, may ever become a hero in the true sense of the word.   The hero should perform such a kind of deed, which the society considers to be necessary and meaningful, and usually, it occurs in warfare, in which death is an inevitable fact of life, from which only few escape.  Ã‚  Only by playing the heroic code game may one raise himself to heroic stature. In the literature one of the bright examples of heroes that fulfill the heroic code principles is Achilles in the Iliad. He is there the hero who fights for pure heroics, which is why to the mind of a modern person he may seem to be selfish, cruel and hateful. Hector and Diomedes pose perfect contrasts to Achilles, and if we compare these characters, it will become evident who is a hero. It is necessary to mention that in the time of Homer heroism was mainly measured by fighting. The person was considered better than another one is he/she fought better. Thus, in Iliad Nestor told Achilles and Agamemnon that he knew much better men than them, which meant that he knew those who could fight better. And Achilles was the only character who really loved the battle and glory.

Machiavelli And Socrates s Concept Of A Prince - 1811 Words

Leah Brennan Professor Brandon Ives 13 October 2017 GVPT241 (0105) Soulcraft vs. Statecraft Though Machiavelli and Socrates lived in distinct states, on the heels of the Peloponnesian War in Athens to the height of the Renaissance in Florence, respectively, a few common threads bind them together. They lived in periods of uncertainty, political fragmentation, and violence, and these experiences inform and shape their beliefs about how society and government as a whole should function. Socrates responds to his precarious surroundings with an approach that prioritizes soulcraft over statecraft, and acts as a gadfly by constantly examining society. Machiavelli takes the opposite approach, prioritizing statecraft without regard for soulcraft,†¦show more content†¦Machiavelli acknowledges this ideal, but calls on his knowledge of the other successful princes to disprove its feasibility and add in other factors, such as confusing others and taking advantage of loyalty, to achieve his means, rather than relying on Socrates’ moral simplicity. Socrates’ absolutism in this manner is fundamental to his line of questioning, and thus treats it as fact, meaning that if he were to come to blows with Machiavelli over the nature of such a prince that would disavow this basic principle, he would not support it. His commitment to moral righteousness is further displayed by his assertion that he owes a greater obedience to God than to the people, to the extent that â€Å"so long as [he] draw[s] breath and [has] his faculties, [he] shall never stop practicing philosophy and exhorting [them] and indicating the truth† (Plato, 55-56). Machiavelli’s pursuance of the concept of statecraft and the absence of soulcraft does not fall in line with Socrates’ view. He states that princes should â€Å"have no other aim or thought, nor take up any other thing for his study, but war and its organization and its discipline† (Machiavelli, XIV, 53), a focus that does not center on a moral condition, but a push for power. He also later argues that it is only necessary to seem to be full of mercy,Show MoreRelatedMorality Vs Machiavelli1161 Words   |  5 PagesSocrates, however, asserts the importance of morality and ethics in a ruler, and argues that soul craft is ideal for an effective leader. Socrates contends, â€Å"Wealth does not bring goodness, but goodness brings wealth and every other blessing, both to the individual and the state† (Apology, 30b). Indeed, in opposition to Machiavelli, Socrates asserts that following one’s intuition and making decisions based on â€Å"goodness† w ill never lead a ruler and his state astray. Additionally, Socrates emphasizesRead MoreSocrates And Machiavelli1681 Words   |  7 PagesSocrates, in his early works, maintained a steadfast distance from involvement in politics, making a comparison or evaluation of a political system in his persona technically impossible. To claim that Socrates would or would not be supportive of any political system might then seem irresponsible, a presumptuous analysis not fitting for an academic recognizing the false equivalence between Socrates’ philosophy and Machiavelli’s political ethics. The strategy to conduct any sort of liable and validRead MoreSocrates And Machiavelli2009 Words   |  9 PagesSocrates and Machiavelli are both very influential philosophers and two of the great minds of their time. However, both of these men had their own separate ideas that did not completely agree with one another. Machiavelli was born into a Renaissance time period of fragmented politics, lots of bloodshed, and angry citizens while Socrates grew up in a time of political adjustment and instability in Athens. Machiavelli constructed The Prince as a political pamphlet to his friend Lorenzo de MediciRead MoreA Review of Ethics Concepts Theories2669 Words   |  11 PagesA Review of Ethics Concepts Theories Educational Objectives: 1. Explain the type of problem that is addressed by philosophers. 2. Explain how ethical norms help address ethical issues that arise in accountancy. 3. Contrast the views of Mills, Machiavelli and Kant. 4. Describe what is meant by a social contract. 5. Analyze a given situation and tell why it would be appropriate or inappropriate to lie. 6. Explain the views of Kierkegaard and contrast himRead MoreThe Nature Of Truth : Plato s The Cave Essay1704 Words   |  7 Pagesto be a simple and objective concept on the surface; however, its breadth is vast and can create numerous sub-discussions on the nature of humanity and existence. Many philosophers have expounded in the nature of truth: what it is, what it means in relation to humanity, and how understanding the essence of truth can aid in the quest to answer mankind s existential questions. One of the most famous allegorical tales that pontificates on the reality of truth is Plato s The Cave, using the story ofRead MoreQuestion and Correct Answer7042 Words   |  29 PagesSelected Answer: |   Ã‚   Changes in the course of some rivers have left the early settlements underwater | Correct Answer: |   Ã‚   Most were built of wood, which did not survive times ravages | | | | | ï‚ · Question 23 2 out of 2 points | | | Why did Prince Siddhartha Gautama leave the palace to live in the wilderness for 6 years?Answer | | | | | Selected Answer: |   Ã‚   He was troubled by the suffering of all human beings | Correct Answer: |   Ã‚   He was troubled by the suffering of all human beings

Why We Work and Changing the Approach to Work - 2174 Words

THE WAY WE WORK AND CHANGING APPROACHES TO WORK Changes in the way we work, the workplace and the role-assignment are not invisible to anyone. The fact that we work differently and our approach to work has changed is widely acknowledged in modern discourse. These changes can be attributed to numerous factors including cultural shifts, changes in cultural beliefs and values, need for better quality of life, rising cost of living, changes in science and technology and of course growing access to education. CHANGE IN THE ROLE ASSIGNMENT AND CHANGES IN STATUS OF WOMEN When one travels back in history, in the 1950s, women were given specific roles in society. If you were a woman then your role was to be a housewife and take care of the kids. The husband would go out and work whereas the woman would clean the house, cook the food, and nurture the children. Parents did not bother much with the education of their daughter and rarely females were allowed to go for post-graduation. Many societies back then did not allow a woman to marry who she liked and the trend for arranged marriage was dominant. Such behavior by man was derived from some religious doctrines and ideas presented by Darwin. Darwin had claimed that the best genes are transferred to the males as compared to the females. Ideas like these psychologically programmed the human mind that women are inferior as compared to men. Moreover religious doctrines like the Bible states that it was Eve who came under theShow MoreRelatedThe Role Of Managing A Team And The Organization Essay1581 Words   |  7 PagesThe different approaches to effective management have evolved for businesses over time. There are several approaches that have been created overtime that have been proven to work and not work. It is easy to learn as one goes how to effectively manage a team and create success for the team and the organization. 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Online Recruitment Strategy of Sainsbury

Question: Discuss about online recruitment strategy of sainsbury? Answer: Introduction: The project focuses on the assessment of online recruitment system of Sainsbury and how they aim to align their process of talent management with their organizational goal. The objective of this project is to highlight on the recruitment process, the strategic human resource management of Sainsbury and how they manage to achieve their target through talent management. The work also concentrates on the working environment and how through various ways they retain their employee. Sainsbury: Company Profile The company was established during 1869. Today Sainsbury had more than 1,200 supermarkets employing a total number of 161,000 employees. The present market share is 16.7% in the market and their total revenue is 23.949 (https://www.j-sainsbury.co.uk, 2014). The goal of Sainsbury is to make the lives of their customer easier for every day by presenting superior service and quality in a fair price. Their prime aim is to establish themselves as the most reliable retailer for their customers. Literature Review: Five different questions were highlighted by Wright, Purcell and Boxall (2007) which comprises the answer for effectively recruiting employees for an organization so that they could pursue success and their survival level. They are mainly about who are the appropriate people for recruiting, where will they be recruited, what information should be disseminated about the recruitment, when recruitment is required and the sources that should be used for recruiting. According to Micheal et al (1979) when the effectiveness is compared with efficiency the effectiveness of recruitment process becomes easy. Efficiency measures are important to see whether the short term targets are met by the organizations. Here in recruitment there should be fairness and corruption should be avoided. According to Treisman (2000) he mentioned corruption to be a phenomenon which is complex that requires comprehending through different viewpoint. It is a contributory factor for the developing nations where several researches has demonstrated that it weakens the institutional foundation to which the national recruitment policies get influenced. The human capital theory states that the collective experience, abilities and skills of people along with their personality, energy and behavior makes the human capital. The created value is from the skill and knowledge of the people for which the prime focus should be developing, retaining and attracting talents. In Sainsbury sufficient strategies and initiatives should be used so that they could attract the talent pool for which their organization can efficiently utilize their human capital. There are various sources of recruitment in an organization; they are mainly divided into two categories. They are internal and external sources. The internal sources includes performance appraisal, reference and skill inventory and the most new form is the online job portals of Sainsbury. The external sources include consultancies, recruitment agencies, job centers, personal reference and government training schemes. The website is a more effective source of recruitment, it is because there is no biasness involved and transparency is well maintained. There are many advantages and disadvantages of this form of recruitment strategy, they are as explained below: Advantages: Transparency of selection process, There will be no interference of intermediaries, Smooth and timely running of recruitment process. Possibility of selecting the appropriate candidate. The access on online is 24*7, hence a candidate may provide his or her application or fill up the form whenever he or she is free. The website provides every required data that the applicant should know. Every application is welcomed. Disadvantages: Checking and screening the mapping of skill and genuineness of all those resumes is time consuming and problematic activity for the company. No face to face interaction on what the organization wants Once the company selects the applicants the rest applicants cannot apply for the second time. There can be a problem on error in operating the system. The reliability is a big question so selection error may occur. E-Recruitment and theories: 1. Subjective theory: This theory assumes that the applicants do not behaves rationally but they mainly respond to the psychological and social needs (like affiliation, security, and achievement). Thus the company by highlighting only those job securities like promotion, reward system, incentives can attract the attention of the candidates. 2. Objective theory: This theory assumes that applicants acts rationally in decision making for the job selection. Hence following this theory the necessary information that would make the candidate select the job are: (benefit, Salary, Working condition). A good number of applicants gets attracted to this type of benefits 3. Theory of Critical Contact: This theory states that the applicant more relies on the recruiter than any other factor. this can be due to the behavior of the recruiter, the follow up calls, the promptness, the warmth and the sincerity. Many recruiters who keep a follow up with the applicants gets a good number of candidates participating in their interview session. Recruitment process: The recruitment process for graduates is done through online website form fill up (Wilton, 2012). The application process begins in the end of august and there is no specified closing date but the centers of assessment runs during January and November. The team can process almost 6,000 applications during the season of recruitment. Sainsbury accepts only one application per candidate and for this they have a selection tool to check. There are in general five stages in the process of application. They are: While applying for Sainsburys the applicant must remember what he had written in his application because later questions are asked from them. What Sainsburys look for in this stage is the background, and provide answers to questions based on position of responsibility and why the candidate have chosen the organization. There are also questionnaires to find the motivational skills of the candidates. There are also questions which are based on situational judgment that helps in determining the decision making skills of the applicant. Verbal and numerical skill test In this stage a test is taken in the online official website of Sainsburys. It comprises of aptitude test based on which the quantitative, logical reasoning and verbal along with data analysis skills are evaluated (Practice Aptitude Tests | FREE Online Aptitude Tests, 2014). In order to make good results the applicant needs to be good at those verbal as well an analytical skills. Telephone interview This is done by the member of HR, form HR department. The process of this interview lasts to 30 minutes. After completion of this stage and qualifying this stage the candidates are generally asked for completing the questionnaire on personality and then proceed for the assessment processes. Questionnaires on personality This is designed in such a way so as to find whether the applicant suits the job profile and whether he can adjust with the working environment of Sainsburys. here the applicants need to answer with full honesty so that the company may understand whether he would also contribute in the healthy organizational culture. The centre for assessment: At this stage exercise for role play, group activities, presentation and Interviews are taken. The dress code for this session is formal and the duration for this session is about one and a half day. After this stage the deserving candidates are selected. Sainsburys policy of recruitment is considered as the Investigation of prospective employees, encouraging and stimulating them in order to apply for the job in the company. Sainsbury offers a large number of job opportunities in different stores (Abbott, 2015). Their prime search is for people who possess a good quality of servicing their customers. They recruit almost 100 graduates from academic institutions every year and hire more than 70 works from the store itself. Sainsburys generally conducts their recruitment process through online recruitment (Wilton, 2012). E-recruitment Strategy: According to the E-recruitment strategy of Sainsbury the objective theories applies to a great extent. This is because candidates are given a god overview of the salary, and the working condition information. Here though the subjective theory also applies if provided but for critical contact for E-recruitment there is no face to face interaction to judge the behavior. The website provides a thorough knowledge as well as they have provided a chat option to the administrator of the application. The value that has been placed on the department of human resource depicts the level of commitment from the top management of the company to train their employees (Bluen, 2013). Sainsbury maintains the development and training needs of their employees (Truss, Mankin and Kelliher, 2012). They emphasize on training of their staffs and integrating the process of learning for the constant training of the new employees to attain a productive and effective work from them. This begins with the post recruitment process, where the new employees are provided with orientation training. Here the company tries to build a sense of trust with their employees and provide them a clear vision of their objective (Snell and Bohlander, 2013). In order to build efficient talent the company provides sufficient training. The management of Sainsbury considers providing a good work environment is a corporate responsibility that they should follow. Being one of the largest employers in the local level they und erstand the value of an engaged workforce. For this they have implemented various schemes of engaging their employees (Taylor and Taylor, 2010). In order to run their operations successfully Sainsbury, constantly evaluate their talent programs because they understand the significance of their colleagues for having further development whether in terms of transition into new roles or promotions. They generally dont over-rely over technology for any of their programs on development because many people dont have easy access over certain technological things (Truss, Mankin and Kelliher, 2012). In the site of Sainsbury online recruitment, the image that they have established is about a very practical oriented organization that are not looking for people who would be just innovative but also about people who would be able to act according to situation. Sainsbury doesnt states that they wants the best but they assures that if an applicant joins this organization then he or she will have a prosperous career (Ordanini and Silvestri, 2008). Their emphasis was more on encouraging employees to join their organization depending on their interest. It depends upon the applicants whether they feel themselves to be deserving candidate. They want employees who would be thrilled to see their created product in the shelves and the brand has already been a trusted one so having that kind of potential is the gateway to Sainsbury. The site helps the organization in many ways. It helps the organization to receive a good number of applications. It boosts the process of recruitment and the communication process becomes easier as the candidate gets immediate feedback (Palethorpe, 2010). The process continues for one and a half day to which the candidates dont have to waste their time. Hence it saves the valuable time of both the recruitment manager and the candidates (Rausch, Sheta and Ayesh, 2013). Management policy of the organization: Organizational culture: the uniform of the staff of Sainsbury depicts that a discipline is maintained in the organization (Singh, 2011). The uniform is not meant for branding the company but implanting a sense of equality among their employees. There is diversity in the members and Sainsbury encourages diversity in their organization. The layout and labelling of Sainsbury bears a different personality for impressing their customers. Induction socialization and employer branding are the two factors that also creates the climate of the organization (Kunerth and Mosley, 2011). The company has been one of the leader in employer branding as it gets almost million of application through online portal. Though the interest of graduate students in retail market is very low yet Sainsbury receives a good number of applications. Moreover it encourages promotion of employees and career development through learning and training programs. The induction and socialization process the new hired employees are made acquainted with the norms and regulations of the company (Lussier and Hendon, 2013). This process is also known as the onboarding of the employees. The Employee retention efforts: Sainsbury seriously focus on their employees benefits and understands the significance of engaging their employees. The process of recruitment of Sainsbury merely doesnt ends at the selection of the candidate. It is the duty to provide training and overview about the organization continues after the selection (Carbery and Cross, n.d.). A company is not only judges by its product but also by the employee turnover. Sainsbury often confronts a turnover of a good number of employees and for this the management needs to establish a proper leadership style and employee engagement programs (Gold, Thorpe and Mumford, 2010). The management should consider the work stress, level of motivation, absenteeism and career opportunities of the employees. Following the two factor theory of Herzberg the company can make a strategy to motivate their employees, by comprehending the factors of dissatisfaction and satisfaction (Bratton and Gold, 2012). Critical analysis of the Online E-recruitment of Sainsbury: Sainsbury in their official website provides a tag for applicants that they give a world of opportunities to applicants. They give a thorough insight of what they are looking for and how Sainsbury can be the best destination for a candidate for their future development. They help the candidate to discover about their supermarket, store management, store support centre, local market, logistics, pharmacy, about bank and graduates. in order to apply the candidate have to register or login. Their process throughout is easy to be followed and with thorough guidance. But too much of option makes a candidate become unsure about what to do. In fact most of the time it may happen that the candidate wished to apply for something and instead applied for something. Online application is not a prominent step. It perplexes the applicants. Conclusion: Being one of the leading companies in retail sector in UK, Sainsbury values their employees and focuses highly on their human resource section so as to increase their level of efficiency and productivity. The process of recruitment is very much important for the company because the labor turnover is high in the company and the employees seem to be highly dissatisfied. Online recruitment may lead to a good number of applications but the real challenge is maintaining the number of employees or the employee retention. Leadership style and performance appraisal plays a big role in this process. A company that provides good salary package, better employee benefit and perquisites build its own employer brand. But today, other factors like job satisfaction and work environment has also become an important criteria. References Abbott, L. (2015).Theories of the Labour Market and Employment: A Review (ISR Economic growth performance studies Book 2). Industrial Systems Research, p.385. Bluen, S. (2013).Talent management in emerging markets. Randburg: Knowres. Bratton, J. and Gold, J. (2012).Human resource management. 4th ed. Basingstoke [England]: Palgrave, p.720. Carbery, R. and Cross, C. (n.d.).Human resource development. Gold, J., Thorpe, R. and Mumford, A. (2010).Leadership and management development. London: Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development. Howlett, R., Gabrys, B., Musial-Gabrys, K. and Roach, J. (2013).Innovation through Knowledge Transfer 2012. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. https://www.j-sainsbury.co.uk, (2014).Annual Report and Financial Statements 2014. [online] Available at: https://www.j-sainsbury.co.uk/media/2064053/sainsbury_s_annual_report_and_accounts_13-14.pdf [Accessed 28 Mar. 2015]. Kunerth, B. and Mosley, R. (2011). Applying employer brand management to employee engagement.Strategic HR Review, 10(3), pp.19-26. Ltd, S. (2015).Sainsburys Supermarkets Ltd Employer Wages, Hourly Wage Rate | PayScale United Kingdom. [online] Payscale.com. Available at: https://www.payscale.com/research/UK/Employer=Sainsburys_Supermarkets_Ltd/Hourly_Rate [Accessed 28 Mar. 2015]. Lussier, R. and Hendon, J. (2013).Human resource management. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications. Mathis, R. and Jackson, J. (2011).Human resource management. Mason, OH: Thomson/South-western. McGuinness, S. and Sloane, P. (2011). Labour market mismatch among UK graduates: An analysis using REFLEX data.Economics of Education Review, 30(1), pp.130-145. Miller, V. and Gordon, M. (n.d.).Meeting the challenge of human resource management. Ons.gov.uk, (2015).What does the 2011 Census tell us about ethnicity in the labour market in England and Wales? - ONS. [online] Available at: https://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/2011-census-analysis/ethnicity-and-the-labour-market/info-ethnicity-in-the-labour-market.html [Accessed 28 Mar. 2015]. Ordanini, A. and Silvestri, G. (2008). Recruitment and selection services: Efficiency and competitive reasons in the outsourcing of HR practices.The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 19(2), pp.372-391. Palethorpe, R. (2010). Management Teams: Why They Succeed or Fail (3rd ed.)20101R. Meredith Belbin. Management Teams: Why They Succeed or Fail (3rd ed.) . Oxford, England and Burlington, MA: Butterworthà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Heinemann 2010. , ISBN: 978à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ 1à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ 85617à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ 807à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ 5 RRP: 21.99.Industrial and Commercial Training, 42(5), pp.274-275. Practice Aptitude Tests | FREE Online Aptitude Tests, (2014).Sainsburys Assessments - Practice Aptitude Tests | FREE Online Aptitude Tests. [online] Available at: https://www.practiceaptitudetests.com/top-employer-profiles/sainsburys-assessments/ [Accessed 28 Mar. 2015]. Rausch, P., Sheta, A. and Ayesh, A. (2013).Business Intelligence and Performance Management. London: Springer. Singh, S. (2011). Simon Barrow and Richard Mosley, The Employer Brand: Bringing the Best of Brand Management to People at Work, UL: John Wiley Sons Ltd, 2005, 214 pp., 30.99 (ISBN: 0470012730).Global Business Review, 12(2), pp.353-354. Smart, A. and Creelman, J. (2013).Risk-based performance management. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Snell, S. and Bohlander, G. (2013).Managing human resources. Mason, Ohio: South-Western. Taylor, S. and Taylor, S. (2010).Resourcing and talent management. London: Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development. Truss, C., Mankin, D. and Kelliher, C. (2012).Strategic human resource management. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Wilton, N. (2011). Do employability skills really matter in the UK graduate labour market? The case of business and management graduates.Work, Employment Society, 25(1), pp.85-100. Wilton, N. (2012). The impact of work placements on skills development and career outcomes for business and management graduates.Studies in Higher Education, 37(5), pp.603-620.

You can Judge a Society by how well it treats its Prisoners Essay Example

You can Judge a Society by how well it treats its Prisoners Essay This says a lot about how Canada is governed; by the way Canada treats its prisoners, its impel to see that this is a country of forgiveness rather that punishment. Food Dostoevsky once stated You can judge a society by how well it treats its prisoners. This statement is correct as it can be seen that there in fact is a correlation between how well governed a society is. Countries with similar incentives for their prisoners as Canada, such as Sweden and its other Scandinavian neighbors tend to be more peaceful and have better international relations throughout the world. The complete opposite can be said for those countries that dont share the same or similar views as Canada, goes, this goes for countries such as Russia and North Korea. Scandinavian countries have been known to be some of the best countries in the world to live in. With that being said, it comes as no surprise they also have some of the very best prisons with very little re-offense rates. Semolina Island has hosted an open prison since 1971. An open prison is one in which prisoners are able to go into neighboring towns to do a number of various things such as school and work (Larson, 2013). We will write a custom essay sample on You can Judge a Society by how well it treats its Prisoners specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on You can Judge a Society by how well it treats its Prisoners specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on You can Judge a Society by how well it treats its Prisoners specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The prison houses around 95 men who are serving time for crimes such as assault, drug refraining, theft and even murder. Though these crimes are severe, all of these 95 men on track to be released. These men are able to have luxuries such as TVs, sound system and even mini fridges in their cell blocks (Larson, 2013). Under electrical monitoring these men are able to visit with their families in the main land of Helsinki with no actual human supervision (Larson, 2013). The guards of the prison carry no weapons, pepper spray, or anything that could potentially cause bodily harm to one on the inmates (Larson, 2013). To many this does not seem like the ideal prison as in most Mounties including the United States most people are used to prisons being unbreakable walls with barred cells and guards carrying weapons and ready to use them at any time they feel necessary. However this shares something in common with the minimum security facilities in Canada. Like in the open prison setting, the minimum security prisons house inmates in small little houses where inmates have responsibilities such as laundry, grocery shopping and managing a budget. This is to give them the necessary skills that they will need in order to become a functioning member of society. Traditional prisons do not do much in the rehabilitation of criminal as they are expected to be kept in a cell where they are told when to eat, sleep, wake up and do the same cycle over again. Little to no responsibility is placed on the prisoner which correlates into higher re-offense rates. When these men and women are released back into a society they have been so detached fro for long periods of time, they are unable to properly function thus resulting them returning to crime. The United States known for having some of the worst prisons in the world, to no surprise they also have one of the highest e-offense rates in the world also thus showing that traditional prisons with the barred cells and unbreakable walls are not the most effective means of reducing references. Many may wonder how it is even possible for open prisons to be opened and upheld in society. The answer to that would be because there is hardly ever debate on criminal justice policy in countries such as these (Larson, 2013). The decisions are left to professionals that have done years of extensive research on how to best operate their prison system, thus resulting in the creation of this open prison concept (Larson, 2013). This method of selecting how exactly the prison system will be run seems to work quite well for the Scandinavians as they have had no problems with this concept in its 44 year existence. The inmates have not hurt anyone in the whole existence of the open prison therefore there is no reason to change a good thing. The treatment of inmates in Scandinavian countries shows just how much they actually care about their population as a whole. Scandinavian countries are always among the top ranked countries to live in and this is partly due to thee great social programming. These countries are prime examples of true socialist democracies as the tax fund they collect are well allocated into taking care of the more important thing in the countrys. Great amounts of the tax payers money of these Scandinavian countries go into things such as education which is why countries like Norway and Finland are among the top 10 most educated in the world (McMillan, 2014). Sweden, Denmark, Norway and Finland are also among the few countries that provide a free post- secondary education in the whole world (McMillan, 2014). The ability effectively take care of bigger issues such as education and social funds and till be able to provide a desirable safe destination for those who fail to comply to the law shows just what a great nations Scandinavia has. This proves that Food Dostoevsky was indeed correct when he stated You can judge a society by how they treat their prisoners, However not all countries put such emphasis on treating their prisoners well as the nations Of Scandinavia do. Though prisoners did fail to comply with the law this does not defeat the fact that they are human beings that are entitled to a certain standard of living. It is quite unfortunate that this is not the case in countries such as Russia and North Korea. Russia has 3 of the worlds worst prisons, the first Vladimir Central Prison (STATION, 2013). This prison it became infamous foot housing political prisoners during the Soviet Union era (STATION, 2013). Nowadays the overcrowded and disease-infested prison is known for the sadistic abuse that the inmates receive from the guards (STATION, 2013). Prisoners are forced out of their cells, ordered to put their hands on the wall and given beatings so severe that they have to be dragged back to their cells, while others result in deaths (STATION, 2013). As if this isnt enough, they re also ordered to beat each other. The second, Butyric Prison, this prison i: the largest central transit prison of Moscow is known for its brutality. It held 20,000 inmates during the Great Purge and thousands of them were executed after investigations (STATION, 2013). Its administration also resorted to violence every time the inmates tried to protest against anything (STATION, 2013). Besides the problem of overcrowding, as there could be u to 100 inmates in cells intended only for 10 people, it is extremely hot in the summer and also has problems with epidemics such as AIDS and tuberculosis STATION, 2013). The third and worst of them all is PETA Island Prison, this prison is isolated by the White Lake and was built to hold the most dangerous: prisoners (STATION, 2013). Though they never have to fear violence from the guards or their inmates, the restricted life of living in cages and in isolation, with no lavatories nor washing facilities surrounded by freezing cold water and snow, leaves the prisoners to deteriorate and become psychologically devastated (STATION, 2013). The conditions that the inmates of these prisons have to go through is treacherous, inmates in these prisons loud consider even some of the worst North American prisons soft compared to what they are put through in these prisons. To further prove the validity Food Dostoevsky quotation, Russia has been known to be part of some undesirable business. The Ukraine situation were many innocent lives were lost due to Russia trying to take over their country for its resources, and their leader Vladimir Putting being part of a number of conspiracy theories in his now 15 years in charge of Russia (Taylor, 2012). This again prove that is very possible to judge a society by how it treats its prisoners, Russia treats its rissoles brutishly and through the situation with the Ukraine it can be seen that the government of Russia is simply brutish in general. North Korea is home to the world worst prison called camp 22. The notorious Yearlong Concentration Camp, which has gained international attention in 2012 after its warden defected to China, was an isolated prison for political prisoners and has been in operation since 1965. A large compound that holds 50,000 prisoners, it was claimed that three generations of dissident families have been imprisoned there to completely remove the roots (STATION, 2013). In addition, the death camp has subjected inmates to extreme torture and human experimentation where they become lab rats for biological weapons like anthrax, bomb testing, and other brutalities (STATION, 2013). This prison shows just how sick the ruler of North Korea must be. To be aware of the testing of bomb and special gases use in warfare of people some of which are locked up for simple being related to someone who had once committed a crime is simple twisted. To no surprise North Korea is run by a dictator and may very well have the worst international relations in the world (fisher, 2014). Everything with relation to Edie is censored, the citizens of North Korea are not able to leave without special authorization for their leader and the quality of life in their country is very poor (fisher, 2014). There is no freedom of speech therefore speaking out against the government can quite easily get one killed (fisher, 2014). North Korea has very little trading partner due to the disagreement in political matters with most countries which leads to poverty among the citizens of North Korea as they have little market to trade resources they are abundant in (fisher, 2014). Again a correlation between the mistreatment of prisoners ND the mistreatment of people in society in general are evident in North Korea further proving that Food Dostoevsky words were very much valid. All and all, it is evident that societies can very well be judged by how well the treat their prisoners as stated by Food Dostoevsky. It has been seen that the better the prisoners in society are treated the less risk of them refunding. This is clearly evident in the Scandinavian open prison system which allows Inmates more freedom and results in greater success rate for those being rehabilitated back into society. Also in correlation to the excellent orison system these Scandinavian countries are also able to put great emphasis on things such as social funds, healthcare and education in order better their society as a whole. Though there are some countries that treat prisoners like human being unfortunately there are still others that treat them like animals. Countries such as Russia and North Korea are home to some of the worst prisons in the world known for things such as the beating of inmates, overcrowding and other discrepancies. They are also home to some of the most none desirable societies in the world today also.

Abraham Maslow †Theory of Human Motivation

Abraham Maslow – Theory of Human Motivation Free Online Research Papers Abraham Maslow is a well-known psychologist for his theory on human motivation, specifically the hierarchy of needs theory. He is also called the founder of humanistic psychology. Maslow’s theory can also be defined as â€Å"intensity at a task†. This means that greater the motivation, the more constant and intense one will perform a specific task. The basis behind this theory is the knowledge that all behavior is goal driven, meaning one will do tasks according to what they obtain after the task is complete. Maslow has been a very inspirational figure in personality theories. Abraham Harold Maslow was born in Brooklyn, New York on April 1, 1908 and the first child out of seven born to his parents. Maslow’s mother and father were uneducated Jewish immigrants from Russia. Wanting the best for their child in the new world, they pressured Maslow hard for academic success. Due to this, he felt very alone as a boy and found haven in books and his schoolwork. He first studied law at the City College of New York to appease his parents as they insisted that he should study law. After attending three semesters, he decided to transfer to Cornell, but then transferred back to City College of New York. On December 31, 1928, Maslow married his first cousin, Bertha Goodman, without his parent’s blessing. Mr. and Mrs. Maslow had two children and moved to Wisconsin where he attended the University of Wisconsin. There Maslow received not only his Bachelor of Arts in 1930, but also went on to obtain a Masters of Arts in 1931 and eventually received his Doctorate in 1934, all in psychology. While in Wisconsin, Maslow met and worked with his chief mentor, Harry Harlow, who was well known for his controversial experiments on Rhesus monkeys and attachment behavior. A year after his graduation, he went back to New York to study with E. L. Thorndike at Columbia, where he became interested in research on human sexuality. (Boeree, 2006) Maslow taught at Brooklyn College full-time, and during his time there, he met many leading European psychologists that were immigrating to the United States, particularly to Brooklyn. These intellectuals were people such as Alfred Adler, Erich From m, Karen Horney, as well as many Freudian and Gestalt psychologists. Maslow served as the chairman of the psychology department at Brandeis University from 1951 to 1969. He began this theoretical work there and met Kurt Goldstein who introduced Maslow to the idea of self-actualization. Also, during his time at Brandeis University, he began his crusade for a humanistic psychology; something ultimately much more important to him than his own theorizing. (Boeree, 2006) In his later years, Maslow spent his semi-retirement in California. After several years of ill health, he passed away on June 8, 1970 from a heart attack at the age of 62. Maslow worked with monkeys in his early career and while doing so he observed that some of our needs take superiority over other needs. One example would be if you are thirsty and hungry, you are most likely to try and satisfy the thirst need first. This is because most humans can do without food for days or even weeks, but our bodies can only go without water for a few days. Thus, thirst is a more powerful need than hunger. Maslow came to find out that when faced with circumstances such as these, one need might take priority over another. From this idea, Maslow created the hierarchy of needs, a systematic arrangement of needs, according to priority, in which basic needs must be met before less basic needs are aroused. Abraham Maslow projected a general overview of human motivation. His theory strikes a distinctive sense of balance between biological and social needs that integrates many motivational concepts. According to Maslow, individual needs are set in a hierarchy and everyone must satisfy their basic needs before they can satisfy their higher needs. The hierarchy is many times portrayed as a pyramid, beginning with physiological needs at the bottom, then safety and security needs, love and belonging needs, esteem needs, cognitive needs, aesthetic needs, and self-actualization at the top of this pyramid. The needs at the lower level are the most basic. The higher levels in the pyramid represent progressively less basic needs. Individuals progress upward in the hierarchy when lower needs are fulfilled reasonably well, but they may regress back to lower levels if the basic needs are no longer pleased. (Weiten, 2001, p.506) Maslow used the case study method with subjects that included living persons, Albert Einstein and Eleanor Roosevelt, and historical figures, Abraham Lincoln, all of whom achieved their personal dreams and hopes for society. (Kuntz, 2005, p.12) The physiological needs are our biological needs. They consist of air, water, food, health, rest and sleep, shelter from the elements, and general survival. Human beings who do not meet these needs will often resort to selling themselves for sex, working for very little money or taking things that don’t belong to them in order to acquire them. Physiological needs also have to do with the maintenance of the human body. If we are unwell, then little else matters until we recover. Pain and discomfort can range from mild to excruciating and will have a proportionate effect on our rate of abandoning higher needs. So long as physiological needs are unsatisfied, they exist as a driving or motivating force in a person’s life. A hungry person has a felt need. This felt need sets up both psychological and physical tensions that manifest themselves in overt behaviors directed at reducing those tensions such as wanting something to eat. Once the hunger is sated, the tension is reduced, and the need for food ceases to motivate. At this point, assuming that all the other needs have been meet and are no longer controlling thoughts and behaviors, the needs for safety and security can become active. Safety and security needs can be best defined as the need for stability, freedom from fear and turmoil, dependency, protection, desire for structure and order. In everyday life we may see this as a need to be able to fall asleep at night, secure in the knowledge that we will awake alive and unharmed. In the workplace this need translates into a need for at least a minimal degree of employment security, the wisdom that we cannot be fired on a whim and that appropriate levels of effort and productivity will ensure continued employment. Most adults have little awareness of their security needs except in times of emergency or periods of disorganization in the social structure, such as widespread rioting. Many homeless people wandering the streets and running from the police have no protective shelter and, in times of freezing temperatures, are sometimes found frozen to death on the streets. (Kuntz, 2005, p.11) Using a box as shelter is not enough to protect oneself from harm. We shou ld be able to feel as though our homes are a place of refuge. If our residence is a place of constant uproar, alcoholism, and verbal or physical abuse, we may feel as though we are living in a kind of hell. Having difficulty with the persons whom we live may result in our not wanting to go home. Be it ever so humble, all of us need our home to be a stable sanctuary of safe retreat. (Kuntz, 2005, p.11) When the needs for safety and for physiological well-being are contented, the next class of needs for love, affection and belongingness can emerge. Love and belongingness needs are where an individual seeks affection, friendship, children, a sweetheart, wanting to feel loved, and even a sense of community. Generally, as companionable creatures, humans have a need to belong. In a school setting this need may be satisfied by the ability to interact with a classmate and perhaps to be able to work collaboratively with these colleagues. In our day-to-day life, we exhibit these needs in our desires to marry, have a family, be a member of a church, a brother in a fraternity or part of a social group, or even participate as part of a softball team. In addition, this involves what we might consider when trying to make decisions regarding our careers. As children, these needs are usually fulfilled by the support, closeness, and caring of our families. In our adolescent years we all long to be accepted into the so called â€Å"popular group.† When we become adults these needs are typically met within the families we have sta rted. Once the aforementioned classes of needs are satisfied, the needs for esteem can become dominant. Esteem needs include the desire for self-respect, self-esteem, the esteem of others, recognition, dignity, and appreciation. When focused externally, these needs also include the yearning for reputation, prestige, status, fame, glory, dominance, attention, and importance. People have the desire to not only receive, but to also give. They also want to feel they are loved and that others want to care for them. Most of us feel as though we need to provide something to society. For some individuals this might be achieved in great successes artistically, politically or scientifically. However, this is not the only way one can attain their esteem needs. You can feel as though you have given a contribution by doing volunteer work for a credible association. In addition, one might become involved in their community’s various civic organizations by taking on the role of a leader. One of the most influential ways we can achieve our esteem needs is working at a place of employment we thoroughly enjoy, one where we feel as though we are making a difference in the lives of others in our society. As individuals, we all put our hearts and souls into working towards a profession that we can call our careers. When these needs are frustrated, a person can begin to feel inferior, weak, helpless, or worthless. The next stage in the pyramid is the cognitive needs which are the expression of the natural human need to learn, explore, discover, create, and perhaps even dissect in order to get a better understanding of the world around them. One way to gratify our need for knowledge is by attending school, but as individuals, we are continually learning each day. Some people acquire intelligence by watching the news or reading different newspapers from around the United States to keep up with current events going on in the world. Others may read several different types of books such as biographies or fiction to fulfill their quest for learning. Our need for knowledge may lead us to become research scientists, or we may have a â€Å"nose for the news† and become investigative reporters. (Kuntz, 2005, p.11) Individuals may also satisfy their need for exploration and discovery by traveling to different parts of the world. In order to broaden our horizons or improve our technical skill, we might enroll in classes at a local college or become more involved in leisure recreational activities. The fact is we are all inquisitive humans with a large need for knowledge. It seems that as the world becomes more technology based, we have a greater need to gain further knowledge. Once we have fulfilled our quest for knowledge, we can move on to our aesthetic needs which are the need to express beauty through art, writing, design, and environment. Humans need to refresh themselves in the presence and beauty of nature while carefully engrossing and observing their surroundings to extract the beauty that the world has to offer them. Some particular people have a desire that is so strong, that they might dedicate their whole life in the pursuit of painting, sculpting, singing, writing music or other artistic endeavors. Other people will satisfy this need by possibly tending to a garden, creating new inventions, designing clothing, automobiles, homes or buildings, or just dressing their children and fixing their hair for a party, church or school. In the business world the company knows that when things are going well they are creating a thing of exquisiteness. When drawing up plans for new roads or highways, community planners take great care in trying to care for and protect the earth’s natural beauty. When all of the foregoing needs are satisfied, then and only then are the needs for self-actualization activated. The self-actualizing needs are self-mastery, love, service to others, peak experiences, and suprapersonal goals. Self-actualizing is the need to express the highest potential that we are capable of reaching. (Kuntz, 2005, p.11) People that have reached this level in the pyramid embrace the facts and realities of the world, including themselves, rather than denying or avoiding them. They are spontaneous in their ideas and actions, creative, feel closeness to other people, and generally appreciate life. Many are interested in solving problems; this often includes the problems of others, and by solving these problems it is often a key focus in their lives. Most of them have a system of morality that is fully internalized and independent of external authority. They have discernment and are able to view all things in an objective manner, prejudices are absent. Mainly thi s need is reaching one’s fullest potential. Reference Boeree, C.G., (2006). Abraham Maslow. Personality Theories. Retrieved March 27, 2007 from Boeree’s homepage.http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/maslow.html Kuntz, L., O’Connell, A., O’Connell, V. (2005). Choice and Change The Psychology of Personal Growth and the Interpersonal Relationships. Seventh Edition (pp. 10-12). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Maslow Weiten, W. (2001). Psychology Themes Variations. Fifth Edition (pp. 505-507). Belmont, California: Thomson Learning, Inc. Research Papers on Abraham Maslow - Theory of Human MotivationEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XThree Concepts of PsychodynamicThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayStandardized TestingNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This Nice